La Namu o ka Honua

ʻO ʻAukake 20 ʻo ia ka World Mosquito Day, kahi lā e hoʻomanaʻo ai i ka poʻe ʻo ka makika kekahi o nā mea nui o ka lawe ʻana i nā maʻi.

Ma ka lā 20 o ʻAukake, 1897, ua ʻike ʻo Ronald Ross (1857-1932) i loko o kāna keʻena keʻena ʻo nā makika nā mea hoʻokele o ka maʻi maʻi, a ua kuhikuhi ʻo ia i kahi ala maikaʻi e pale aku ai i ka maʻi maʻi: e noho mamao mai nā namu.Mai ia manawa, hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ka World Mosquito Day ma ʻAukake 20 i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka lehulehu i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia e ka makika.

He aha nā maʻi lele nui i hana ʻia e ka namu?

01 Malaria

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi he maʻi i lawe ʻia e nā pepeke ma muli o ka maʻi ʻana o nā maʻi malaria ma o ka nahu ʻana o nā makika Anopheles a i ʻole ma o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko o kahi mea lawe malaria.Hōʻike nui ʻia ka maʻi ma ke ʻano he mau hoʻouka maʻamau, ʻoluʻolu ke kino holoʻokoʻa, ke kuni, ka hyperhidrosis, ka hoʻouka kaua lōʻihi, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka anemia a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka spleen.

Ke kiʻekiʻe nei ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi ma ka honua, me kahi o 40 pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua e noho ana ma nā wahi maʻi malaria.ʻO ka maʻi malaria ka maʻi koʻikoʻi loa ma ka ʻāina o ʻApelika, me kahi 500 miliona mau kānaka e noho ana ma nā wahi maʻi malaria, 90 pākēneka o lākou ma ka ʻāina, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 miliona mau kānaka e make ana i ka maʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki.ʻO ka Hikina Hema a me ʻAsia waena hoʻi nā wahi e loaʻa ai ka maʻi malaria.Aia mau ka malaria ma ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema.

Introduction to Malaria rapid test:

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻana ʻo Malaria Pf Antigen kahi ʻaoʻao-flow chromatography immunoassay i hoʻohana ʻia e qualitatively detect Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) specific protein, histidine rich protein II (pHRP-II), i nā laʻana koko kanaka.Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hana ma ke ʻano he hōʻike hōʻike a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi plasmodium.Pono e hōʻoia ʻia kekahi laʻana reactive i hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Malaria Pf Antigen me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻike lapaʻau.

Manaʻo ʻia nā huahana hoʻāʻo wikiwiki malaria:

02 Filariasis

ʻO ka filariasis kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka filariasis parasitizing kanaka lymphatic tissue, subcutaneous tissue a i ʻole serous cavity.Ma waena o lākou, pili pili loa i ka namu, ka filariasis Malay, ka filariasis Bancroft a me ka filariasis lymphatic.Hoʻouna ʻia ka maʻi e nā ʻiniko koko.ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka filariasis e like me ka wahi o ka filariasis.ʻO ka pae mua ka lymphangitis a me ka lymphadenitis, a ʻo ka pae hope he pūʻulu o nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona i hana ʻia e ka lymphatic obstruction.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka microfilaria i loko o ke koko a i ʻole ka ʻili ʻili.ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo serological: ʻike i nā antibodies filarial a me nā antigens i ka serum.

Introduction to filarial rapid test:

ʻO ka filarial Rapid diagnostic test he hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke kumu o ka immunochromatography e hiki ke ʻike i ka maʻi filarial i loko o 10 mau minuke ma ka ʻike ʻana i nā antibodies a i ʻole nā ​​​​antigens i loko o kahi laʻana koko.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka microfilaria microscopy kuʻuna, ʻo ka ʻike diagnostic wikiwiki o ka filaria nā mea maikaʻi aʻe:

1. ʻAʻole i kaupalena ʻia e ka manawa hōʻiliʻili koko, a hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻaʻole pono e hōʻiliʻili i nā laʻana koko i ka pō.

2. ʻAʻole pono i nā lako paʻakikī a me nā limahana ʻoihana, e hoʻolei wale i ke koko i loko o ke kāleka hoʻāʻo, a nānā inā aia kahi hui kala e hoʻoholo ai i ka hopena.

3. Me ka ʻole o ke keakea ʻana mai nā maʻi parasitic ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale pololei i nā ʻano maʻi filarial, a hoʻoholo i ka pae a me ka pae o ka maʻi.

4. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka prevalence, a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka hopena o ka chemotherapy preventive.

Paipai ʻia nā huahana hoʻāʻo wikiwiki Filariasis:

03 Dengue

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Dengue kahi maʻi lele e lawe ʻia e nā pepeke ma muli o ka maʻi maʻi Dengue a lawe ʻia e ka namu Aedes.ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻamau ma nā ʻāina wela a me nā subtropical, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma Asia Hikina Hema, ka ʻāina Pākīpika Komohana, ʻAmelika, hikina Mediterranean a me ʻApelika.

ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi dengue ʻo ia ke kuni kiʻekiʻe hikiwawe, "ʻeha ʻekolu" (ʻeha poʻo, ʻeha maka, ʻeha ākea a me ka ʻeha iwi), "triple red syndrome" (ka huʻi ʻana o ka maka, ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma), a me ka ʻeha (congestive rash or ʻike i ke kahe koko ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ke kumu a i ʻole ke poʻo a me ka maka)."ʻO ka maʻi dengue a me ka maʻi e hoʻokau ai i ka COVID-19 hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i nā hōʻailona like i ka wā mua," e like me ka pūnaewele US Centers for Disease Control (CDC).

Loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi Dengue i ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule, a maʻa mau ʻia mai Mei a Nowemapa i ka ʻĀpana ʻĀkau i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ia ka manawa hānau namu Aedes.Eia nō naʻe, i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokau ka hoʻomehana honua i nā ʻāina wela a me nā subtropical i ka pilikia o ka hoʻolaha mua ʻana o ka maʻi dengue.

Introduction to Dengue rapid test:

ʻO Dengue IgG/IgM Rapid assay he ʻaoʻao-flow chromatography immunoassay i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike pono i ka maʻi dengue IgG/IgM antibodies i loko o ka serum kanaka, plasma, a i ʻole ke koko holoʻokoʻa.

Mea ho'āʻo

1. Pono e hahai pono nā kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hopena hoʻāʻo i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai i kēlā me kēia kumuhana no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antibodies i ka maʻi dengue i ka serum, plasma a i ʻole ke koko holoʻokoʻa.ʻO ka hahai ʻole ʻana i kēia kaʻina hana hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena pololei ʻole.

2. ʻO ka ʻike wikiwiki ʻana o ka hui pū ʻana o ka dengue IgG/IgM i kaupalena ʻia i ka ʻike qualitative o nā antibodies dengue virus i loko o ka serum kanaka, plasma a i ʻole ke koko holoʻokoʻa.ʻAʻohe laina laina ma waena o ka ikaika o ka hui hoʻāʻo a me ka titer antibody i ka specimen.

3. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hui pū ʻana o dengue IgG/IgM e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā maʻi mua a me nā maʻi lua.ʻAʻole hāʻawi ka hōʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka serotype dengue.

4. He mea ma'amau ka serologic cross-reactivity me kekahi mau flaviviruses (e la'a, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, etc.), no laila, hiki i nā po'e ma'i i loa'a i kēia mau ma'i ke hō'ike i ke ki'eki'e o ka reactivity ma o kēia ho'ā'o.

5. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano antibodies maʻi dengue i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a ʻaʻole hoʻi.Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā hopena hoʻāʻo maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole ka hopena i ka hiki ke hoʻolaha a i ʻole ka maʻi me ka maʻi dengue.

6. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā antibodies dengue i loko o ka hōʻailona ma lalo o ka laina ʻike, a inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā antibodies i ka pae o ka maʻi i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai ka mea hoʻohālike, hiki mai ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole.No laila, inā hōʻike ikaika nā hōʻike lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi maʻi a i ʻole ka laha ʻana, ʻōlelo ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hahai a i ʻole nā ​​​​hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, e like me nā hoʻāʻo antigen a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano hoʻāʻo PCR.

7. Inā mau nā hōʻailona, ​​ʻoiai nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a pane ʻole paha mai ka hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻana o IgG/IgM no ka dengue, pono e hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka mea maʻi i kekahi mau lā ma hope a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo ʻia me nā mea hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe.

8. Hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i loaʻa i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā antibodies heterophile a i ʻole nā ​​kumu rheumatoid.

9. ʻO nā hopena i loaʻa i kēia hoʻokolohua hiki ke unuhi wale ʻia me nā kaʻina hana diagnostic a me nā ʻike lapaʻau.

Manaʻo ʻia nā huahana hōʻike wikiwiki Dengue:

Ke hoʻohana neihoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo wikiwiki moku-biohiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono diagnostic a me ka pololei, kahi kūpono i ka ʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka poʻe i maʻi ʻia, i mea e kāohi a hoʻopau i kēia mau maʻi parasitic ʻino.

Hiki i nā huahana ho'āʻo wikiwiki a boat-bio ke ʻike koke i ka maʻi.